Circles are each country's operating reactor fleet (demand side), placed at the capacity-weighted centre of its reactors. Diamonds are the plants that turn mined uranium into fuel and recycle it (supply side): enrichment, conversion, reprocessing, MOX fabrication, heavy-water production, and HALEU. No supply lines are drawn between plants and reactors on purpose: civilian fuel is a fungible commodity market, and drawing point-to-point links would invent contracts that aren't public.
Enrichment uses World Nuclear Association's 2025 operator totals (Rosatom 29.1M, Urenco 17.3M, CNNC 13.8M, Orano 7.5M, other 0.36M SWU/yr) rather than the per-plant values on the map, because Rosatom and CNNC don't publish a per-site split. Conversion, reprocessing and MOX sum published capacities of plants with status Operating; plants without a published figure are shown but not counted. Heavy water has no published per-plant capacities, so its share is by count of operating sites. HALEU is too sparse for a computed share; its headline is written from the sources below.
140,000 SWU and 163 tU of natural uranium per GWe-year (WNA's rule of thumb for an LWR at today's enrichment levels), multiplied by operating PWR, BWR, RBMK, AGR and HTGR capacity. Natural-uranium PHWRs and fast reactors are excluded. Real requirements vary with tails assay, burn-up and inventories; treat the headroom/shortfall figure as indicative, not a forecast.
"Remove Russia" or "Remove China" deletes that country's plants from supply and its reactors from demand, then recomputes everything. It is a blunt instrument: no partial restrictions, waivers, contracts in flight or stockpiles. Note that CNNC and Rosatom capacity largely serves domestic fleets, so removing them overstates what the rest of the world loses.
A country is "no domestic enrichment" if it has no Operating enrichment plant on the map; "partial" if it has one whose capacity is below its estimated need (or unpublished); "self-supplied" if domestic capacity meets or exceeds need. VVER counts come from the reactor model field and flag fleets historically fuelled by Russia's TVEL.
●●● published capacity from a primary source · ●●○ derived, combined across sites, or approximate placement · ●○○ capacity not published or site attribution uncertain.
Reactors: IAEA PRIS via GeoNuclearData. Fuel cycle: WNA Uranium Enrichment, Conversion, MOX, HALEU and Fuel Cycle Overview pages; IPFM, June 2026 for enrichment and HALEU expansion plans; India's Heavy Water Board and national sources for heavy-water sites. Tickers are shown only where a listed company operates a plant in whole or part; nothing here is investment advice.